ABSTRACT
El propósito de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias en el rendimiento de las habilidades cognitivas entre 25 consumidores de cigarrillo y 25 consumidores de cannabis de 18 a 30 años (ambos grupos corresponden a estudiantes universitarios) y correlacionar su desempeño con el tiempo y frecuencia de consumo. Este estudio de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental- transversal, cuyo alcance fue descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional, evidenció que los consumidores de cannabis presentaron resultados significativamente menores en cada una de las habilidades cognitivas, especialmente en las funciones ejecutivas, siendo la habilidad que presentó peor desempeño en ambos grupos. Por otro lado, la habilidad que presenta una menor brecha entre los grupos es el lenguaje, habilidad que mostró tener un mejor rendimiento en los consumidores de marihuana en comparación con las demás habilidades. A pesar de los hallazgos, no fue posible establecer la relación entre el déficit de dichas habilidades y el tiempo y la frecuencia de consumo en ningún grupo debido a que la muestra estaba constituida por consumidores recientes. Se concluye que ambos tipos de consumo influyen en el déficit de las habilidades cognitivas a corto plazo, por lo cual es importante que equipos multidisciplinarios de profesionales especializados en el área de la salud consideren acciones de prevención e intervención en aquellos pacientes jóvenes que abusan del consumo tanto de sustancias lícitas como ilícitas con el fin de minimizar los efectos tanto en la salud física como en la cognitiva en la edad adulta.
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the performance of cognitive abilities between 25 cigarette and 25 cannabis smokers who were 18 to 30 years old (both groups correspond to university students) and to correlate their cognitive performance with time and frequency of consumption. This quantitative, non-experimental-transversal study, whose scope was descriptive, comparative and correlational, evidenced that cannabis smokers had significantly lower results in each cognitive ability, especially in executive functions, being the skill that presented the worst performance in both groups. On the other hand, the skill that presents the smallest gap between the groups is language, a skill that showed better performance in marijuana users, compared to the other skills. Despite the finding, it was not possible to establish the relationship between the deficit of these skills and the time and frequency of use in any group because the sample consisted of recent users. It is concluded that both types of consumption influence the deficit of cognitive skills in the short term, and for that reason is very important that multidisciplinary teams of professionals specialized in health area consider prevention and intervention actions in those young patients who abuse consumption of licit or illicit substances in order to minimize the effects on physical and cognitive health in adulthood.
Subject(s)
Students , Cannabis , Smokers , Aptitude , Physics , Societies , Time , Universities , Health , Executive Function , Tobacco ProductsABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of low perceptual-motor skills in children at preschool age. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort involving mother-child pairs. The children's perceptual-motor skills were assessed individually in their homes when they were 4-5 years old using the Pre-Literacy Skills and Knowledge Test (THCP®), a vali-dated Brazilian instrument. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between cognitive perceptual-motor skills and potential maternal and child risk factors. Results: of the 199 children included in the study, 53.8% were boys, 90.8% attended school, and 91.1% were enrolled in a public school. Among the children, 114 (57.3%), 41 (20.6%) and 44 (22.1%) had low, moderate and high perceptual-motor skills, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed greater odds of children at preschool age having low perceptual motor skills for boys (OR=2.10; CI95%= 1.14-3.88), children who did not attend school (OR=4.61; CI95%= 1.21-17.49), and those with a household income <5 minimum wages (MW) (OR=4.28; CI95%= 1.49-12.26). Conclusions: our study showed that male gender, not attending school and a monthly household income <5 MW were predictors of low perceptual-motor skills in children at 4-5 years of age.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os preditores da baixa habilidade percepto-motora em crianças em idade pré-escolar. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte de nascimentos envol-vendo pares de mães-crianças. A habilidade percepto-motora das crianças foi avaliada indi-vidualmente em suas residências quando completaram 4-5 anos de idade, utilizando-se o Teste de Habilidades e Conhecimento Pré-Alfabetização (THCP®), um instrumento brasileiro validado. Análise de regressão logística foi utilizada para estimar a associação entre a baixa habilidade percepto-motora das crianças e potenciais fatores de risco materno-infantil. Resultados: das 199 crianças incluídas no estudo, 53,8% eram meninos, 90,8% frequen-tavam a escola, e 91,1% estudavam em escola pública. Entre as crianças, 114 (57,3%), 41 (20,6%) e 44 (22,1%) revelaram baixa, moderada e elevada habilidade percepto-motora, respectivamente. A análise de regressão logística ajustada revelou maior chance de crianças em idade pré-escolar apresentar baixa habilidade percepto-motora quando em meninos (OR=2,10; IC95%=1,14-3,88), crianças que não frequentavam a escola (OR=4,61; IC95%=1,21-17,49), e possuíam renda familiar <5 salários mínimos (SM) (OR=4,28; IC95%=1,49-12,26). Conclusões: nosso estudo revelou que sexo masculino, renda familiar <5 SM, e não frequentar a escola foram preditores significativos da baixa habilidade percepto-motora em crianças de 4-5 anos de idade.